Shunsuke Managi and Pradyot Ranjan Jena.

Economics Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2007, pp. 1-14.

As a result of this India's extremely rapid economic growth, the scale of environmental problems is no longer in doubt. Whether pollution abatement managements are efficiently controlled is an empirical question. Using recently developed productivity measurement technique, we show that overall environmental productivity decreases over time in India. At present, the existing environmental management is not sufficient to bring about sustainable development in India.

Jay D. Gatrell and Neil Reid.

Dordrecht: Springer, 2006, xiii, 270

Twenty papers provide insight into the workings of a variety of communities, regions, and nations as they seek to balance economic growth with the growing necessity to simultaneously promote ethical and sustainable regional development. Papers discuss industrial and technology clusters--an everyday topic of popular conversation; which mode of cluster promotion for which aspect of entrepreneurship--a differentiating view of institutional support of automotive clusters; the dynamics of foreign direct investment of the Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display industry--a study of Japanese firms in Taiwan; collaborating to compete--the case of northwest Ohio's greenhouse industry; specialized agriculture--local markets and global competitors in Ohio's greenhouse industry; high technology and urban development in Bangalore, India; an evolutional model of U.S. manufacturing and services industries; clusters and local economic growth--unpacking the cluster model; the move toward reconceptualizing enterprise, entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial resources for sustainable futures--contributions from economic geography; attitudes, behaviors, and outcomes of different types of entrepreneurs--the move toward a better understanding of the multiple entrepreneurship phenomenon; the business and sustainability of water supply in Singapore--the case of Hyflux; entrepreneurship--new means of support for community colleges; globalization, social protest, and the militarized landscape of Okinawa; paternalism and struggle at Weirton Steel Corporation; ethics in economic geography; whose development--the tribal involuntary dislocation in the Sardar Sarovar; geographies of informalization--conceptual dilemmas over social standards and informalization of labor; building or repairing institutions--microcredits in Argentina; bread or circus--the economics of mega-sporting events; and social entrepreneurship and regional economic development--a conceptual framework. Gatrell is at Indiana State University. Reid is at the University of Toledo. No index.

Sacchidananda Mukherjee and Vinish Kathuria.

International Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2006, pp. 38-60.

This study attempts to investigate the relationship between Environmental Quality (EQ) and per capita NSDP (i.e., Environmental Kuznets Curve, EKC) of 14 major Indian States, in the light of their high economic growth in the post-liberalisation period. The analysis involves first ranking the States on the basis of their EQ, and then checking the relationship. The results indicate that the relationship between EQ and per capita NSDP is slanting S-shaped. Except Bihar, all the States are on the upward sloping curve of the EKC. The results suggest that the economic growth is mostly at the cost of EQ.

Shubham Chaudhuri and Martin Ravallion.

Thesis, The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper Series, 2006.

The paper examines the ways in which recent economic growth has been uneven in China and India and what this has meant for inequality and poverty. Drawing on analyses based on existing household survey data and aggregate data from official sources, the authors show that growth has indeed been uneven-geographically, sectorally, and at the household level-and that this has meant uneven progress against poverty, less poverty reduction than might have been achieved had growth been more balanced, and an increase in income inequality. The paper then examines why growth was uneven and why this should be of concern. The discussion is structured around the idea that there are both " good " and " bad " inequalities-drivers and dimensions of inequality and uneven growth that are good or bad in terms of what they imply for both equity and long-term growth and development. The authors argue that the development paths of both China and India have been influenced by, and have generated, both types of inequalities and that while good inequalities-most notably those that reflect the role of economic incentives-have been critical to the growth experience thus far, there is a risk that bad inequalities-those that prevent individuals from connecting to markets and limit investment and accumulation of human capital and physical capital-may undermine the sustainability of growth in the coming years. The authors argue that policies are needed that preserve the good inequalities-continued incentives for innovation and investment-but reduce the scope for bad ones, notably through investments in human capital and rural infrastructure that help the poor connect to markets.

Kakali Mukhopadhyay and Debesh Chakraborty.

Asia-Pacific Development Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, June 2005, pp. 109-136.

A policy of trade liberalization is often suggested as a means of stimulating economic growth in developing countries. Given the potential benefits of trade liberalization policies, it is important to examine whether such policies are in fact in conflict with the environment as they accelerate economic growth. Two conflicting hypotheses emerge from the trade-environment debate. The first competing hypothesis states that increasing trade may encourage developing countries with weaker environmental protection to specialize in industries that create more pollution. This is referred to as the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH); the second hypothesis, known as the factor endowment hypothesis (FEH), predicts that trade liberalization will result in trade patterns consistent with the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theory of comparative advantage based on factor endowment differentials. The manifestation of PHH is in direct conflict with FEH. The present paper aims at testing both hypotheses, PHH and FEH, for India's trade with the rest of the world and the European Union (15) during the 1990s when radical economic reforms were introduced. The input-output method is used and suitably modified to test both the hypotheses considering three pollutants, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide (CO2, SO2 and NOx). It is clear from the results that import-related pollution is much greater than the export-related pollution for India. The findings of the present work challenge the pollution haven hypothesis, arguing that liberalization of trade policy in India has not been associated with pollution-intensive industrial development. On the other hand, the study supports the factor endowment hypothesis thus confirming that the export-oriented labour requirements are much more in weight than its import counterpart Hence India gains in terms of emissions from trade in both cases. The paper also suggests several policies.