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Contents Introduction Threats Infatuaion Conservation Conclusion

“The changes in penguin populations reflect rapid changes in  the marine environment and show that people are doing a poor job of managing the oceans” (Boersma 606). Since penguins live in, around, and near the Southern oceans, they are particularly connected to it. There is no escape from the tides of change. Even when they are housed in zoos, they are maintained in a controlled environment that could lose power or succumb to natural destruction. But one thing is for certain, the globe is warming at an alarming rate. “Penguins are being threatened by global warming, pollution, introduced predators, and irresponsible fishing practices.  We are destroying our oceans-their oceans-at an unprecedented rate” (deNapoli 193). The prominence of penguins on the big screen each year can create models for the polar region.  Will those movie roles be enough to enhance their conservation status long-term?  “Environmental groups are using the film, and …equally popular documentary March of the Penguins to push their messages—especially the dangers of increasing fishing in the Southern Ocean and Climate change,” ("Green Activists" 978). Humans are the only ones to help the organisms survive.  “Although there is no silver bullet for solving global climate disruption in the Antarctic, the best scientific minds in the ATCP [Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party] could mobilize considerable energy and revenues toward seeking viable, long term solutions” (Joyner 101). Until that happens, penguins will continue to melt hearts as the ice caps are thawing.

List of Visuals

1. A Gentoo Penguin colony.
   Getty Images
   Taken from ProQuest's eLibrary

2. A pair of Magellan penguins outside of their nest during mating season on the Argentinian coast.
   E. Erwitt/Magnum Photos
   Taken from ProQuest's eLibrary

3. African penguins are pictured on March 15, 2011 at the SANCCOB (Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds) in Cape Town, South Africa. Africa's only nesting penguin was reclassified as endangered last year due to it being nearly wiped out, likely as a result of competition for food from commercial fisheries and shifting fish stocks. One of the world's 18 penguin species, Birdlife International has warned that the African penguin is edging closer to extinction.
   STEPHANE DE SAKUTIN/AFP/Getty Images
   Taken from ProQuest's eLibrary

4. An Adélie penguin, found along the entire Antarctic coast.
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manchot_Adelie_-_Adelie_Penguin.jpg
   Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

5. African penguins at Boulders Beach in South Africa.
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:African_penguins_Boulder_Bay_1.jpg
   Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

6. A Chinstrap penguin, usually found in the South Sandwich Islands, Antarctica.
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antarctic,_antarctic_penguin_%28js%29_65.jpg
   Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

7. Emperor Penguin in Adelie Land, Antarctica.
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Penguin_Manchot_empereur.jpg
   Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

8. An illustration of the Erect-Crested Penguin by J. G. Keulemans from W. L. Butler's A History of the Birds of New Zealand, 2nd Edition, published in 1888.
   http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eudyptes_sclateri_Buller.jpg
   Wikimedia Commons

9. A Fiordland penguin, also known as Tawaki (Maori), found in New Zealand.
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fiordland_penguin_%28Mattern%29.jpg
   Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

10. A Galapagos penguin at Elizabeth Bay on the island of Isabela, Galapagos.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Galapagos_penguin_%28Spheniscus_mendiculus%29_-Isabela2.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

11. A Gentoo Penguin in Cooper Bay, South Georgia, British Overseas Territories, UK.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pygoscelis_papua_-Cooper_Bay,_South_Georgia,_British_Overseas_Territories,_UK-8.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

12. A Humboldt penguin at the Newquay Zoo in Cornwall, England. Humboldt penguins usually breed in coastal Peru and Chile.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Humboldt_Penguin_Spheniscus_humboldti_Newquay_Zoo.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

13. King penguins at the Edinburgh Zoo. King penguisn breed on the subantarctic islands at teh northern reaches of Antarctica, South George, and other temperate islands of the region.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penguins_Edinburgh_Zoo_2004_SMC.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

14. A Little Blue penguin on Bruny Island, Tasmania, Australia. They are also referred to as Fairy penguins, Little penguins, or just Blue penguins.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eudyptula_minor_Bruny_1.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

15. A Macaroni penguin at Hannah Point on Livingston Island in the Antarctice Peninsula.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Macaroni_%28js%291.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

16. A Magellanic penguin on the Valdes Peninsula in Argentina.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magellanic_penguin,_Valdes_Peninsula,_e.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

17. Northern Rockhopper Penguin at Berlin Zoological Garden, Germany.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eudyptes_moseleyi_-Zoologischer_Garten_Berlin,_Germany-8a.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

18. A Royal Penguin on Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RoyalPenguins2.JPG
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

19. A Snares (Crested) penguin, found on the Snares Islands, North East Island, Station Cove.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SnaresPenguin_%28Mattern%29_large.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

20. A Southern Rockhopper penguin, usually found in the subantarctic waters of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as the souther coasts of South America
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gorfou_sauteur_-_Rockhopper_Penguin.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

21. A Yellow-Eyed penguin found in the Curio Bay, New Zealand.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow-eyed_Penguin_MC.jpg
    Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

22. Adelie penguins drift on ice floe in the Southern Ocean off the Australian Antarctic Territory, 04 March 2007. The new glacial ice Wilkins Runway situated 65kms from the Australian research station of Casey will allow Australian scientists to greatly expand their studies on the effects climate change is having on Antarctica's fragile environment by providing 20-30 flights from Hobart each summer.
    Frederique OLIVIER/AFP/Getty Images
    Taken from ProQuest's eLibrary

23. Dead penguins lie in the coast of Punta Colorada, Maldonado department, Uruguay, some 100 km east of Montevideo on June 11, 2008. Fuel oil reached the coasts of the departments of Canelones and Maldonado after spilling in the River Plate due to a crash between two merchant ships last week in front of the coasts of Montevideo.
    CHANGO FIGUEREDO/AFP/Getty Images
    Taken from ProQuest's eLibrary

24. Arctic Penguin numbers have halved due to a decrease in sea ice and the decline of Krill; the Antarctic Peninsula is warming five times faster than the average rate of global warming.
    Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service
    Taken from ProQuest's eLibrary

25. The Pittsburgh Penguins' mascot "Iceburgh" performs outside of Mellon Arena before game three of the 2008 NHL Stanley Cup Finals against the Detroit Red Wings on May 28, 2008 in Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania.
    Dave Sandford/Getty Images
    Taken from ProQuest's eLibrary

26. Gentoo penguins begin the breeding season at Edinburgh Zoo on March 1, 2011 in Edinburgh, Scotland. The zoo keepers have just installed the nest rings in the penguin enclosure. The male penguins will then collect pebbles and offer them to the females to fill nest rings with, this helps keep the eggs and chick up off the ground and is part of their courtship display.
    Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images
    Taken from ProQuest's eLibrary

27. Tourists walks beside an African penguin on March 16, 2011 in Simon's Town near Cape Town. Africa's only nesting penguin was reclassified as endangered last year due to it being nearly wiped out, likely as a result of competition for food from commercial fisheries and shifting fish stocks. One of the world's 18 penguin species, Birdlife International has warned that the African penguin is edging closer to extinction.
    STEPHANE DE SAKUTIN/AFP/Getty Images
    Taken from ProQuests eLibrary

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