The following field codes are found in the records of this database.
Here they are listed in alphabetical order by two-letter code.
| AB = Abstract |
LA = Language |
| AF = Affiliation |
LL = Latitude & Longitude |
| AN = Accession Number |
MP = Map |
| AU = Author |
MT = Monograph Title |
| AV = Availability |
NT = Notes |
| CA = Corporate Author |
ON = Organization |
| CD = CODEN |
PB = Publisher |
| CE = Collection Title |
PD = Publication Date |
| CF = Conference |
PG = Pages |
| CL
= Classification |
PT
= Publication Type |
| CP = Country of Publication |
PY = Publication Year |
| CY = Copyright |
RL = Resource Location |
| DE = Descriptors |
RP = Report Number |
| ED = Editor |
SL = Summary Language |
| FC = Format Covered |
SO = Source |
| FE = Features |
SP = Sponsor |
| HL = Holding Library |
TA = Target Audience |
| IB = ISBN |
TI = Title |
| IS = ISSN |
UD = Update |
Classification, CL=
GeoRef classifications describe broad areas of the field of
geology. Each includes a 2-digit code that, when sorted numerically,
orders the categories hierarchically by subject area. The classification
scheme is shown below.
To search for a specific category, use either the word(s) or the
code, eg:
cl=(mineralogy of silicates)
cl=01b
To search for everything in a hierarchy, truncate the code, eg:
cl=01*
(Note, for very large hierarchies, truncating may slow the search
process.
01 Mineralogy
01A General mineralogy
01B Mineralogy of silicates
01C Mineralogy of non-silicates
physical, optical, and chemical properties of naturally occurring
inorganic minerals and related synthetic minerals, mineral crystallography,
including crystal structure, determination of lattice parameters and
unit cells, the bonding of atoms and molecules, crystal form and symmetry,
collecting minerals, as well as non-mineral gems such as amber and
jet
02 Geochemistry
02A General geochemistry
02B Hydrochemistry
02C Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments
02D Isotope geochemistry
abundance of elements, organic materials, water, trace elements,
isotopes, geochemical processes and properties, geochemical cycles,
geochemical surveys analytical methods such as chemical, spectroscopic,
thermal, and X-ray and electron microscopy instruments used for analysis
Related topics in other fields:
CL=05* petrology, fluid inclusions, geologic thermometry and barometry,
meteorites
CL=03 geochronology
CL=06* clay mineralogy
CL=12 paleoclimatology
CL=26* or CL=28* geochemical prospecting
03 Geochronology
determination by absolute age methods, including radiometric and
radiogenic dating; establishing the chronology of events by methods
such as lichenometry, racemization, tree rings, hydration of glass,
varves, paleomagnetism, tephrochronology, thermoluminescence, radiation
damage, fission-track dating and particle-track dating
04 Extraterrestrial geology
of the planets, asteroids, the Moon and moons of other planets planetary
composition, evolution, surface features, structure, motions
Exclusions: astrophysics and extraterrestrial physics
Related topics in other fields:
CL=05* meteorites and tektites
05 Igneous and metamorphic petrology
05A Igneous and metamorphic petrology
05B Petrology of meteorites and tektites
igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, metasomatism metamorphism, phase
equilibria, magmas, lava, intrusions, inclusions ancient volcanology
Related topics in other fields:
CL=17* phase transitions
CL=23 volcanic features
CL=24 modern volcanology
06 Sedimentary petrology
06A Sedimentary petrology
06B Petrology of coal
sedimentary rocks, sediments, sedimentation, diagenesis, sedimentary
structures, genesis of peat, lignite and coal, clay mineralogy, chemical
properties of clay minerals
Related topics in other fields:
CL=07 marine sedimentation
CL=24 Quaternary sediments
CL=29* economic studies of peat, lignite and coal
07 Oceanography
continental shelf, continental slope, ocean floors, ocean waves (sediment
transport), ocean circulation (sediment transport), reefs (modern)
Exclusions:
patterns of ocean circulation
marine biology
wave propagation
Related topics in other fields:
CL=02* geochemistry of sea water
CL=18 ocean basin evolution
CL=21 estuarine studies
CL=24 Quaternary sediments and Recent lake and sea-level changes
08 General paleontology
life origin, paleontological textbooks, paleontological glossaries,
fossil collecting, conodonts, problematic fossils, ichnofossils (if
not related to a specific fossil group)
Related topics in other fields:
CL=09 fossil plants
CL=10 invertebrates
CL=11 vertebrates
CL=12 biostratigraphy
09 Paleobotany
algae, angiosperms, bacteria, bryophytes, fungi, gymnosperms, lichens,
palynomorphs, Plantae, pteridophytes, thallophytes
Related topics in other fields:
CL=12 biostratigraphy
CL=24 Quaternary palynology
10 Invertebrate paleontology
Bryozoa, Coelenterata, Echinodermata, foraminifera, Graptolithina,
Hemichordata, Insecta, Mollusca, Ostracoda, Porifera, Pterobranchia,
Radiolaria, Trilobita, worms
Related topics in other fields:
CL=12 biostratigraphy
11 Vertebrate paleontology
Agnatha, Amphibia, Aves, Chordata, fossil man, Mammalia, Pisces,
Reptilia
Related topics in other fields:
CL=12 Pre-Quaternary archaeology and artifacts
CL=24 Quaternary archaeology and artifacts
12 Stratigraphy
lithostratigraphy (age relationships of rock strata), biostratigraphy,
evolution of land masses (continental drift), paleomagnetism, paleogeography,
biogeography, paleoclimatology
Related topics in other fields:
CL=06* reefs and sedimentation
CL=08 or CL=09 or CL=10 or CL=11 paleontology
CL=22 Recent ecology
CL=24 Quaternary
13 Areal geology
area studies dealing with several aspects of geology, entries that
might be placed in three or more fields, guidebooks, road logs, bibliographies
of geology of an area
Related topics in other fields:
CL=14 geologic maps
14 Geologic maps
separately published geologic maps, geologic maps with explanatory
texts, separately published geologic charts, methodology of geologic
mapping
Related topics in other fields: specific types of maps are
found under the specific field, eg geomorphologic maps are found in
CL=23, Surficial geology, geomorphology
15 Miscellaneous
biography (if not related to a specific field)
bibliography (if not related to a specific field)
popular geology
elementary geology (textbooks)
general mathematical principles
annual reports of geologic surveys and associations
historical accounts
education-curricula, enrollments
directories to geology departments
geology as a profession-career opportunities
forensic geology-geology applied to crime solving
Related topics in other fields: anything related to a specific
field will be found in that field rather than here
16 Structural geology
classical tectonics (regional and local structures resulting from
solid-rock movements), faults, fractures, folds, orogeny, geosynclines,
deformation, structural analysis, epeirogeny, foliation, lineation
Related topics in other fields:
CL=18 plate tectonics, continental drift, sea-floor spreading
Before 1975 the following subjects were found in Structural geology;
they are now found in other fields:
CL=05* batholiths, dikes, intrusions, stocks and volcanism
CL=06* breccia, sedimentary structures
CL=12 changes of level, paleogeography, unconformities
CL=18 crust, diapirs, geodesy, isostasy, Mohorovicic discontinuity
CL=22 nuclear explosions
CL=23 cratering, cryptoexplosion features
CL=24 glaciers
17 General geophysics
17A General geophysics
17B Geophysics of minerals and rocks
experimental and theoretical studies of physical properties of rocks
transition states of various compounds under elevated
temperature and pressure (applied to core and mantle composition)
magnetic and electrical properties of minerals and melts that relate
to the Earth's magnetic field
history, development and education in geophysics (since 1981 in CL=18)
magnetic and gravity fields of the Earth (since 1981 in CL=18)
Exclusions: Meteorology, magnetosphere, astrophysics, aeronomy
and solar physics
Related topics in other fields:
CL=04 Extraterrestrial geology
18 Solid-Earth geophysics
worldwide structure of the Earth, plate tectonics, continental drift
sea-floor spreading, paleomagnetism, structure of core, crust and
mantle, Mohorovicic discontinuity
Related topics in other fields:
CL=16 Regional and local structure
Prior to 1975 the following subjects were found in Solid-Earth Geophysics;
they are now found in other fields:
CL=20 Geophysical surveys
CL=19 Seismology
19 Seismology
earthquakes and elastic waves, including seismograms, wave velocity,
seismic sources, seismicity, microearthquakes, microseisms, mechanism
of tsunamis and volcanic earthquakes
Related topics in other fields:
CL=18 velocity structure of Earth's interior
CL=22 geologic hazards, seismic risk
CL=30 earthquake engineering
20 Applied geophysics
applied studies not related to a specific subject including: well-logging,
remote sensing, magnetotelluric surveys, gravity surveys, electrical
surveys, magnetic surveys, seismic surveys, electromagnetic surveys
21 Hydrogeology
ground water-geochemistry, movement, resources, mathematical models
thermal waters, springs, geysers, fumaroles, soil-water regimes, surface
water-chemistry, sediment transport, hydrologic cycle (from 1969 to
1974, fewer references to surface water were included)
Exclusions: biology of surface water, hydraulics
Related topics in other fields:
CL=02* geochemistry of water
CL=22 pollution of water and again after 1989
22 Environmental geology
ecology, geologic hazards-earthquakes, floods, land subsidence, landslides,
debris flows, tsunamis, volcanoes, groundwater pollution conservation,
land use, pollution of surface water (seldom covered) reclamation
With the growth of the environmental sciences, inclusion of environmental
topics has increased dramatically in recent years.
23 Geomorphology
genesis and evolution of features on the Earth's surface-meteor
craters, cryptoexplosion features, eolian features, erosion features,
fluvial features, frost action, lacustrine features, mass movements,
shore features, solution features, and volcanic features
Related topics in other fields:
CL=24 Quaternary glacial features and modern volcanology
24 Quaternary geology
the last 2 million years of Earth's history, including:
archaeology, glacial geology, stratigraphy, palynology, modern volcanology,
sea-level changes
25 Soils
soils-genesis, morphology, evolution, chemistry, erosion and classification
Exclusions: agricultural studies
Related topics in other fields:
CL=21 soil water regimes
CL=22 soil pollution
CL=23 erosion processes
CL=30 engineering properties of soils
26 Economic geology, general
26A Economic geology, general, deposits
26B Economic geology, general, economics
commodity studies-more than one type of commodity
mining geology
Related topics in other fields:
CL=27* metals
CL=28* nonmetals
CL=29* energy sources
27 Economic geology of ore deposits
27A Economic geology of ore deposits
27B Economic geology, economics of ores deposits
metal ores-genesis, resources, economics, exploration, production
and utilization (includes uranium)
Related topics in other fields:
CL=26* general and mining geology
28 Economic geology of nonmetal deposits
28A Economic geology, geology of nonmetal deposits
28B Economic geology, economics of nonmetal deposits
nonmetal deposits-genesis, resources, economics, exploration, production,
and utilization
Related topics in other fields:
CL=26* general and mining geology
29 Economic geology of energy sources
29A Economic geology, geology of energy sources
29B Economic geology, economics of energy sources
petroleum, natural gas, coal (economic studies), oil shale geothermal
energy, oil sands
Related topics in other fields:
CL=06* genesis of coal, peat, and lignite
CL=26* general and mining geology
CL=27* uranium ores
30 Engineering geology
waste disposal, reclamation, structures-dams, foundations, highways,
marine installations, nuclear facilities, reservoirs, tunnels, underground
installations and waterways when geologic subjects such as rock and
soil properties are discussed
-
Publication
Type, PT=
This field may contain several types of information:
Document type, such as:
- Serial
- Book
- Report
- Conference document
- Map
- Thesis or dissertation
- Abstract only
Treatment or bibliographic level, such as:
- Analytic (eg: research paper)
- Monographic (eg: book, report, thesis)
- Collective (eg: series of monographs)
- Serial (eg: journal, annual directory)
Type of degree (when the document type is a thesis
or dissertation). Possible types are:
- Doctoral
- Master's
- Bachelor's
To search this field, enter the unique word(s), eg: pt=(thesis
and doctoral)
To exclude records that have been indexed from an abstract only and
not a fulltext document, add:
not pt=abstract
to the end of your search, eg:
(precambrian and ichnofossils) not pt=abstract
Latitude
& Longitude, LL=
If you want to search on latitude and longitude coordinates you need
to enter, eg:
LL=N383* and LL=W1114*
where N stand for North, S for South, E for East and W for West and the
star truncation will retrieve minutes from 30 -39 for 38 degrees North
and minutes 40-49 for 111 degrees West.
To retrieve records for a region surrounding the following coordinates:
Latitude 38 degrees 30 minutes N and Longitude 111 degrees 40 minutes
W. within approximately 10 minutes of that coordinate point enter:
LL=(n382* or LL=n383*) and LL=(w1113* or w1114*)
This will retrieve records discussing the coordinates from N3820-N3839
and W11131- W11149, ie: 38 degrees 20-39 minutes North and 111 degrees
31-49 minutes West.
