| TI: |
Title
Environmental Refugees? Classifying Human Migrations Caused by Environmental Change |
| AU: |
Author
Bates, DC |
| AF: |
Author Affiliation
Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State University, Box 2446, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA |
| SO: |
Source
Population and Environment, Vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 465-477. May 2002 |
| IS: |
ISSN
0199-0039 |
| AB: |
Abstract
What distinguishes environmental refugees from other refugees--or other migrants? Are all environmental refugees alike? This essay develops a classification to begin to answer these questions and facilitate future policies and research on environmental refugees. Environmental refugees may have considerable control over the decision to migrate, but this varies by the type of environmental disruption. The origin, intention, and duration of environmental disruptions shape the type of refugee. Refugees from disasters and expropriations have limited control over whether environmental changes will produce migration. Gradual degradation allows "environmental emigrants" to determine how they will respond to environmental change. |
| LA: |
Language
English |
| PY: |
Publication Year
2002 |
| PT: |
Publication Type
Journal Article |
| DE: |
Descriptors
Population-environment relations; Migration; Environmental degradation; Environmental changes; Human ecology |
| CL: |
Classification
M1 110 Population-Environment Relations |
| UD: |
Update
200207 |
| SF: |
Subfile
Human Population |
| AN: |
Accession Number
5397781 |