The NCJRS: National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts Database is published by the Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice's National Criminal Justice Reference Service, an information clearinghouse for people around the U.S. and the world involved with research, policy, and practice related to criminal and juvenile justice, and drug control. The NCJRS Abstracts Database contains summaries of over 189,000 U.S. and international publications, including federal, state, and local government reports, books, research reports, journal articles, audiovisual presentations, and unpublished research. The NCJRS Abstracts Database excludes most legal decisions, opinions, and statutes. The collection has been developed to meet the needs of criminal justice professionals, researchers, policymakers, and technical and legal experts. Unique elements of the collection include agency produced documents and final grant reports of Office of Justice Programs sponsored research. Documents are either written in English or have an English-language summary.
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Dates of Coverage
Update Frequency
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Over 217,882 records as of June 2013 Print Equivalent
A print version of the NCJRS Database is not available.
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| TI: |
Title
Characteristics of Street Gangs |
| AU: |
Author
Callanan, Paul |
| SO: |
Source
Campus Safety Journal, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 16, November 2001
|
| PG: |
Pages
5
|
| RL: |
Resource Location
http://www.campusjournal.com
|
| AB: |
Abstract
Gang officers or gang specialists must familiarize themselves with those elements that are unique to the gang culture,
including, but not limited to, the motivating forces behind street gangs; gang structure and hierarchy; gang communication
methods; and the connection to violence and drugs. Most gangs today are either turf-oriented or profit-oriented.
Turf-oriented gangs are traditional in nature. The heritage of its members can be traced back for generations, and these
gangs lay claim to an area, usually the area surrounding their neighborhood, as "their territory." Profit-oriented gangs
operate primarily to make money and are nontraditional. They tend to be mobile, moving from area to area in attempts
to expand their business ventures. The typical street gang is still loose-knit in structure. Less than 10 percent of a gang's
membership is hardcore (deeply committed). Most who claim membership are somewhat involved in the gang's daily
activities. Associate members are friends, acquaintances, and relatives of active members. The language of the gang
subculture consists of street-slang terminology. Basic rules of grammar do not apply. Nonverbal forms of
communication include graffiti, clothing, hand signs, and tattoos. Research through the U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice
and Delinquency Prevention has shown that gang homicides are "characterized by periodic spurts and declines, they
have been increasing nationwide and evidence an overall growth trend in certain cities." The use of firearms has
contributed significantly to the homicide rate. Internally, violence strengthens the bond between gang members.
Externally, gangs use violence to protect their turf or business operations, to expand their territory, to defend their
honor, and to control their neighborhoods. Studies have shown that although a youth who belongs to a street gang has a
higher propensity to use drugs and that a fair portion of those who belong to gangs sell drugs locally, the typical street
gang lacks the necessary organizational structure required to succeed in the drug-trafficking business.
|
| LA: |
Language
English
|
| PY: |
Publication Year
2001
|
| CP: |
Country of Publication
United States
|
| DE: |
Descriptors
*Gangs (08049); Juvenile gangs (04585); Juvenile gang behavior
patterns (08721); Communication techniques
(09635); Gang violence (11257)
|
| UD: |
Update
20020820
|
| AN: |
Accession Number
192019 |
Field Codes
| AB = Abstract |
LA = Language |
| AF = Affiliation |
NT = Notes |
| AN
= Accession Number |
OT = Original Title |
| AU = Author |
PG = Pages |
| AV = Availability |
PT
= Publication Type |
| CA = Corporate Author |
PY = Publication Year |
| CP = Country of Publication |
RL = Resource Location |
| CR = Contract Number |
RP = Report Number |
| DE = Descriptor |
SO = Source |
DI = Project Director |
SP = Sponsor |
| ED = Editor |
TI = Title |
| GI - Grant Information |
UD = Update |
| IB = ISBN |
|
- Accession
Number, AN=
The Accession Number is a unique number that identifies each record in
the database. The Accession Number is equivalent to the NCJ Number.
- Publication
Type, PT=
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