PsycARTICLES is a database of full-text articles from journals published by the American Psychological Association, the APA Educational Publishing Foundation, the Canadian Psychological Association, and Hogrefe & Huber. The database includes all material from the print journals.

The database can be searched in several ways including by specifying keywords that may occur in the article title, abstract, or the full-text, or by author names and journal titles. Each retrieved record has a link to the corresponding full-text article, which is almost always available in PDF format (so Adobe Acrobat reader is needed for viewing) and in HTML format. Each record also has a link to the Table of Contents (TOC) for the issue in which the article is published.

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Most of the 72 APA journals included in PsycARTICLES now go back to volume 1, issue 1. The earliest journal is Psychological Review, which was started in 1894. The database also contains journals that are no longer published. For a full list, click here.

Articles published from 1985 forward are in both PDF and HTML format. Articles published prior to 1985 are available only in PDF format. All PDFs are searchable.

Title	Visual priming of inverted and rotated objects.
Author	Knowlton, Barbara J.1; McAuliffe, Sean P.1; Coelho, Chase J.2; Hummel, John E.3
Affiliation	(1)Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; (2)Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University; (3)Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Source	Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Vol. 35(4), July 2009, pp. 837-848
ISSN	0278-7393
Electronic ISSN	1939-1285
Descriptors	Implicit Memory*; Object Recognition*; Priming*; Spatial Organization*
Abstract	Object images are identified more efficiently after prior exposure. Here, the authors investigated shape representations supporting object priming. The dependent measure in all experiments was the minimum exposure duration required to correctly identify an object image in a rapid serial visual presentation stream. Priming was defined as the change in minimum exposure duration for identification as a function of prior exposure to an object. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this dependent measure yielded an estimate of predominantly visual priming (i.e., free of name and concept priming). Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that although priming was sensitive to orientation, visual priming was relatively invariant with image inversion (i.e., an image visually primed its inverted counterpart approximately as much as it primed itself). Experiment 4 demonstrated a similar dissociation with images rotated 90° off the upright. In all experiments, the difference in the magnitude of priming for identical or rotated–inverted priming conditions was marginal or nonexistent. These results suggest that visual representations that support priming can be relatively insensitive to picture-plane manipulations, although these manipulations have a substantial effect on object identification. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Contact Individual	Barbara J. Knowlton, Department of Psychology, Franz Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563
Journal Volume	35
Journal Issue	4
Journal Pages	837-848
DOI	10.1037/a0015143
Publisher	American Psychological Association
Language	English
Publication Year	2009
Publication Type	Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal; Journal Article
Peer Reviewed	Yes
Format Availability	Electronic; Print
Format Covered	Electronic
Methodology	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study
Population	Human
Location	US
Age	Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
Supplemental Data	Appendixes [Appended]
Identifiers	priming; object recognition; implicit memory; rapid serial visual presentation; viewpoint-independent
Classification	2343 Learning & Memory
References	1. Arguin, M. & Leek, E. C. (2003). Orientation invariance in visual object priming depends on prime-target asynchrony. Perception and Psychophysics, 65, 469-477. Abstract | Cited by 5
	2. Biederman, I. & Cooper, E. E. (1991a). Priming contour deleted images: Evidence for intermediate representations in visual object recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 23, 393-419. Abstract | Cited by 136
	3. Biederman, I. & Cooper, E. E. (1991b). Evidence for complete translational and reflectional invariance in visual object priming. Perception, 20, 585-593. Abstract | Cited by 113
	4. Biederman, I. & Cooper, E. E. (1992). Size invariance in visual object priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 121-133. Abstract | Cited by 116
	5. Biederman, I. & Gerhardstein, P. C. (1993). Recognizing depth-rotated objects: Evidence and conditions for three-dimensional viewpoint invariance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, 1162-1182. Abstract | Cited by 209
	6. Biederman, I. & Gerhardstein, P. C. (1995). Viewpoint-dependent mechanisms in visual object recognition: A critical analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1506-1514. Abstract | Cited by 68
	7. Burgund, E. D. & Marsolek, C. J. (2000). Viewpoint-invariant and viewpoint-dependent object recognition in dissociable neural subsystems. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 7, 480-489. Abstract | Cited by 30
	8. Edelman, S. (1998). Representation is representation of similarities. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 21, 449-498. Abstract | Cited by 46
	9. Ochsner, K. N., Chiu, C. Y. & Schacter, D. L. (1994). Varieties of priming. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 4, 189-194. Cited by 13
	Poggio, T. & Edelman, S. (1990). A network that learns to recognize three-dimensional objects. Nature, 6255, 263-266.
	11. Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W. D., Johnson, D. M. & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 382-439. Abstract | Cited by 748
	12. Snodgrass, J. G. & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning, 6, 174-215. Abstract | Cited by 1181
	13. Stankiewicz, B. J. (2002). Empirical evidence for independent dimensions in the visual representation of three-dimensional shape. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 913-932. Abstract | Cited by 18
	14. Stankiewicz, B. J. & Hummel, J. E. (2002). The role of attention in scale- and translation -invariant object recognition. Visual Cognition, 9, 719-739. Cited by 3
	15. Stankiewicz, B. J., Hummel, J. E. & Cooper, E. E. (1998). The role of attention in priming for left–right reflections of object images: Evidence for a dual representation of object shape. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 732-744. Abstract | Cited by 40
	16. Tarr, M. J. (1995). Rotating objects to recognize them: A case study on the role of viewpoint dependency in the recognition of three-dimensional objects. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 55-82. Abstract | Cited by 173
	17. Tarr, M. J. & Pinker, S. (1989). Mental rotation and orientation dependence in shape recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 21, 233-283. Abstract | Cited by 222
	18. Pascual-Leone, A. (2001). The brain that plays music and is changed by it. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 930, 315-329. Cited by 14
	18. Tarr, M. J. & Pinker, S. (1990). When does human object recognition use a viewer-centered reference frame. Psychological Science, 1, 253-256. Abstract | Cited by 56
Last Revision Date	20090706
Update	20090714
Accession Number	2009-09620-008

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