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PsycINFO

 
 
PsycINFO provides access to international literature in psychology and related disciplines. Unrivaled in its depth of psychological coverage and respected worldwide for its high quality, the database is enriched with literature from an array of disciplines related to psychology such as psychiatry, education, business, medicine, nursing, pharmacology, law, linguistics, and social work. Nearly all records contain nonevaluative summaries, and all records from 1967 to the present are indexed using the Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms.

Practitioners, researchers, and students working in all areas of psychology, the behavioral sciences, and other related disciplines. PsycINFO includes psychological research and its applications; the database is of prime relevance to many industries and research establishments worldwide. The sources include over 1,800 professional journals, chapters, books, reports, theses and dissertations, published internationally. Additionally, there are more than 8 million cited references in 185,000 journal articles, books, and book chapters.

PsycINFO is a department of the American Psychological Association (APA) dedicated to creating products that make it easier for researchers to locate psychological literature relevant to their research topics. PsycINFO staff members locate and summarize psychologically relevant documents from a wide range of disciplines, and disseminate these summaries in forms suited to easy access and retrieval.br>
Subject Coverage
    Major areas of coverage include:
    • Applied psychology
    • Communication systems
    • Developmental psychology
    • Educational psychology
    • Experimental human and animal psychology
    • Personality
    • Psychological and physical disorders
    • Physiological psychology and neuroscience
    • Professional personnel and issues
    • Psychometrics and statistics
    • Social psychology
    • Social processes and issues
    • Sports psychology and leisure
    • Treatment and prevention
Examples of Use
  • Track the latest research on a particular psychological disorder and its treatment
  • Review the latest findings on aphasia
  • Study the impact of organizational structure on job performance
  • Keep abreast of latest advances in sports psychology
  • Explore cutting-edge research on neural networks and artificial intelligence
  • Follow new techniques in educational psychology
  • Review animal psychology as reflected in behavior patterns
Dates of Coverage
    1806 - present. Note: There are less than 146 records with publication dates prior to 1890.
Update Frequency
    Weekly. Approximately 60,000 new records added per year.
Size
    Over 2,609,997 records as of November 2008
Print Equivalent
    Psychological Abstracts, ISSN: 0033-2887
Supplier
    American Psychological Association
    750 First Street, NE
    Washington, DC 20002 USA
    Voice: 1 800 374 2722 (in N. America)
    Voice: +1 202 336 5638 (worldwide)
    Fax: +1 202 336 5638
    Web: http://www.apa.org/psycinfo/
Sample Record
    Title New meat begets a new appetite: Advice for the functional neuroimaging dieter
    Author Grafman, Jordan1; Wood, Jacqueline1
    Affiliation (1)Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, Bethesda, MD, US
    Source Cortex. Vol 38(5), Dec 2002, pp. 821-825
    ISSN 0010-9452
    Descriptors Brain; Cognitive Processes; Stereotaxic Atlas
    Abstract Reviews Uttal's book (see record ( 2001-18884-000), which examines whether or not psychological processes can be localized in the brain The book covers the history of efforts to localize cognitive processes in the brain, techniques that have been used to derive brain-behavior research, cognitive taxonomies, and cognitive neuroscience approaches using functional neuroimaging. The reviewers express disagreement with some of the author's more extreme viewpoints, and suggest that a naive reader may develop a nearsighted view of the functional neuroimaging enterprise becuause of some of the author's more extreme arguments; however, they suggest that the book has inspired discussion about what the limitations are of the different techniques used in cognitive neuroscience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)
    Email Address grafmanj@ninds.nih.gov; woodj@ninds.nih.gov
    Contact Individual Grafman, Jordan, Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, Building 10, Room 5C205, MSC 1440, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892-1440, grafmanj@ninds.nih.gov
    Publisher Italy: Masson Italia
    Reviewed Work Uttall, William R.. (2001). The new phrenology: The limits of localization cognitive processes in the brain. Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press, 255 pages. ISBN: 0-262-21017-7
    Language English
    Publication Year 2002
    Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal; Review
    Format Availability Print; Electronic
    Format Covered Electronic
    Population Human
    Peer Reviewed Yes
    Identifiers localization; cognitive processes; brain; phrenology
    Classification 2520 Neuropsychology & Neurology
    Number of References 20 reference(s) present, 20 reference(s) displayed
    References 1. Bavelier, D., Brozinsky, C., Tomann, A., Mitchell, T., Neville, H. & Liu, G. (2001). Impact of early deafness and early exposure to sign language on the cerebral organization for motion processing. Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 8931-8942. Abstract | Cited by 33
    2. Bluhm, R., Kostelecky, V. A., Lane, C. D. & Russell, N. (2002). Clock-comparison tests of Lorentz and CPT symmetry in space. Physics Review Letters, 88, 090801.
    3. Chatterjee, A. & Farah, M. J. (2001). Face Module, face network: The cognitive architecture of the brain revealed through studies of face processing. Neurology, 57, 1151-1152. Cited by 2
    4. Deweer, B., Pillon, B., Pochon, J. B. & Dubois, B. (2001). Is the HM story only a 'remote memory'? Some facts about hippocampus and memory in humans. Behavioural Brain Research, 127, 209-224.
    Abstract | Cited by 12
    5. Duncan, J., Seitz, R. J., Kolodny, J., Bor, D., Herzog, H., Ahmed, A., Newell, F. N. & Emslie, H. (2000). A neural basis for general intelligence. Science, 289, 457-460.
    Abstract | Cited by 175
    6. Fuster, J. M. ( 1999). Cognitive functions of the frontal lobes. In BL Miller and JL Cummings (Eds) The Human Frontal Lobes: Functions and Disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 1999, Ch. 11, pp. 187-195.
    Cited by 16
    7. Gazzaniga, M. S., Ivry, R. B., & Mangun, G. R. ( 2002). Cognitive neuroscience: biology of the mind. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., Inc., 2002.
    Cited by 60
    8. Gilaie-Dolan, S., Ullman, S., Kushnir, T. & Malach, R. (2001). Shape-selective stereo processing in human object-related visual areas. Human Brain Mapping, 15, 67-97.
    Abstract | Cited by 3
    9. Giraux, P., Sirigu, A., Schneider, F. & Dubernard, J. (2001). Cortical reorganization in motor cortex after graft of both hands. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 691-692.
    Cited by 6
    10. Grafman, J., Partiot, A. & Hollnagel, C. (1995). Fables in the prefrontal cortex. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 18, 349-358.
    11. Kourtzi, Z., Bulthoff, H. H., Erb, M. & Grodd, W. (2001). Object-selective responses in the human motion area MT/MST. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 17-18.
    Abstract | Cited by 26
    12. Kralik, J. D., Dimitrov, D. F., Krupa, D. J., Katz, D. B., Cohen, D. & Nicolelis, M. A. (2001). Techniques for long-term multisite neuronal ensemble recordings in behaving animals. Methods (San Diego, Calif.), 25, 121-150.
    Cited by 4
    13. Lamoreaux, S. K. (2002). Testing times in space. Nature, 416, 803-804.
    14. Miller, E. K. & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.
    Cited by 582
    15. Nyberg, L., Forkstam, C., Petersson, K. M., Cabeza, R. & Ingvar, M. (2002). Brain imaging of human memory systems: Between-systems similarities and within-system differences. Cognitive Brain Research, 13, 281-292.
    Abstract | Cited by 25
    16. O'Reilly, R. C., Noelle, D. C., Braver, T. S. & Cohen, J. D. (2002). Prefrontal cortex and dynamic categorization tasks: Representational organization and neuromodulatory control. Cerebral Cortex, 12, 246-257.
    Abstract | Cited by 47
    17. Palmer, S. ( 1999). Vision science: photons to phenomenology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.
    Cited by 171
    18. Pascual-Leone, A. (2001). The brain that plays music and is changed by it. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 930, 315-329.
    Cited by 14
    19. Thompson-Schill, S. L., Aguirre, G. K. & Farah, M. J. (1997). Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge: A reevaluation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 94, 14792-14797.
    20. Wagner, A. D., Pare-Blagoev, E. J., Clark, J. & Poldrack, R. A. (2001). Recovering meaning: Left prefrontal cortex guides controlled semantic retrieval. Neuron, 31, 329-339.
    Cited by 128
    Last Revision Date 20030728
    Update 20070526
    Accession Number 2003-05621-013
Field Codes
    The following field codes are found in the records of this database. Here they are listed in alphabetical order by two-letter code.

    AB = Abstract JV = Journal Volume
    AE = AGE JS = Journal Supplement
    AF = Affiliation KW = Keywords
    AN = Accession Number LA = Language
    AU = Author LO = Location
    CA = Corporate Author LR = Last Revision Date
    CF = Conference ME = Methodology
    CI = Contact Individual NR = Number of References
    CL = Classification NT = Notes
    DA = Dissertation Number OJ = Other Journal Names
    DE = Descriptors OP = Other Publisher
    DO = DOI PB = Publisher
    EA = Email Address PO = Population
    EI = Electronic ISSN PT = Publication Type
    FV = Format Availability PY = Publication Year
    FC = Format Covered RE = References
    GI = Grant Information RL = Resource Location
    IB = ISBN RV = Reviewed Work
    ID = Identifiers SD = Supplemental Data
    IS = ISSN SO = Source
    IT = Issue Title TB = Table of Contents
    JN = Journal Name TM = Tests & Measures
    JP = Journal Pages TI = Title
    JT = Journal Part UD = Update

    Classification, CL=

    PsycINFO classifications describe broad areas of the field of psychology. Each includes a 4-digit code that, when sorted numerically, orders the categories hierarchically by subject area. All PsycINFO records are classified according to the most specific category applicable. The classification scheme is shown below.

    To search for a specific category, use either the word(s) or the code, e.g.:

    cl=(clinical psychology testing)
    CL=2224

    To search for everything in a hierarchy, truncate the code, e.g.: CL=22*

    (Note, for very large hierarchies, truncating may slow the search process.)


    2100 General Psychology

    2140

    History & Systems

    2200 Psychometrics & Statistics & Methodology

    2220
    2221
    2222
    2223
    2224
    2225
    2226
    2227
    2228
    2229
    2240
    2260

    Tests & Testing
    Sensory & Motor Testing
    Developmental Scales & Schedules
    Personality Scales & Inventories
    Clinical Psychological Testing
    Neuropsychological Assessment
    Health Psychology Testing
    Educational Measurement
    Occupational & Employment Testing
    Consumer Opinion & Attitude Testing
    Statistics & Mathematics
    Research Methods & Experimental Design

    2300 Human Experimental Psychology

    2320
    2323
    2326
    2330
    2340
    2343
    2346
    2360
    2380
    2390

    Sensory Perception
    Visual Perception
    Auditory & Speech Perception
    Motor Processes
    Cognitive Processes
    Learning & Memory
    Attention
    Motivation & Emotion
    Consciousness State
    Parapsychology

    2400 Animal Experimental & Comparative Psychology

    2420
    2440

    Learning & Motivation
    Social & Instinctive Behavior

    2500 Physiological Psychology & Neuroscience

    2510
    2520
    2530
    2540
    2560
    2580

    Genetics
    Neuropsychology & Neurology
    Electrophysiology
    Physiological Processes
    Psychophysiology
    Psychopharmacology

    2600 Psychology & the Humanities

    2610
    2630

    Literature & Fine Arts Philosophy
    Philosophy

    2700 Communication Systems

    2720
    2750

    Linguistics & Language & Speech
    Mass Media Communications

    2800 Developmental Psychology

    2820
    2840
    2860

    Cognitive & Perceptual Development
    Psychosocial & Personality Development
    Gerontology

    2900 Social Processes & Social Issues

    2910
    2920
    2930
    2950
    2953
    2956
    2960
    2970
    2980
    2990

    Social Structure & Organization
    Religion
    Culture & Ethnology
    Marriage & Family
    Divorce & Remarriage
    Childrearing & Child Care
    Political Processes & Political Issues
    Sex Roles & Women's Issues
    Sexual Behavior & Sexual Orientation
    Drug & Alcohol Usage (Legal)

    3000 Social Psychology

    3020
    3040

    Group & Interpersonal Processes
    Social Perception & Cognition

    3100 Personality Psychology

    3120
    3140
    3143

    Personality Traits & Processes
    Personality Theory
    Psychoanalytic Theory

    3200 Psychological & Physical Disorders

    3210
    3211
    3213
    3215
    3217
    3230
    3233
    3236
    3250
    3253
    3256
    3260
    3270
    3280
    3290
    3291
    3293
    3295
    3297
    3299

    Psychological Disorders
    Affective Disorders
    Schizophrenia & Psychotic States
    Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders
    Personality Disorders
    Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior
    Substance Abuse & Addiction
    Criminal Behavior & Juvenile Delinquency
    Developmental Disorders & Autism
    Learning Disorders
    Mental Retardation
    Eating Disorders
    Speech & Language Disorders
    Environmental Toxins & Health
    Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders
    Immunological Disorders
    Cancer
    Cardiovascular Disorders
    Neurological Disorders & Brain Damage
    Vision & Hearing & Sensory Disorders

    3300 Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention

    3310
    3311
    3312
    3313
    3314
    3315
    3340
    3350
    3351
    3353
    3355
    3357
    3360
    3361
    3363
    3365
    3370
    3371
    3373
    3375
    3377
    3379
    3380
    3383
    3384
    3385
    3386

    Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling
    Cognitive Therapy
    Behavior Therapy & Behavior Modification
    Group & Family Therapy
    Interpersonal & Client Centered & Humanistic Therapy
    Psychoanalytic Therapy
    Clinical Psychotherapeutic Counseling
    Specialized Interventions
    Clinical Hypnosis
    Self Help Groups
    Lay & Paraprofessional & Pastoral Counseling
    Art & Music & Movement Therapy
    Health Psychology & Medicine
    Behavioral & Psychological Treatment of Physical Illness
    Medical Treatment of Physical Illness
    Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness
    Health & Mental Health Services
    Outpatient Services
    Community & Social Services
    Home Care & Hospice
    Nursing Homes & Residential Care
    Inpatient & Hospital Services
    Rehabilitation
    Drug & Alcohol Rehabilitation
    Occupational & Vocational Rehabilitation
    Speech & Language Therapy
    Criminal Rehabilitation & Penology

    3400 Professional Psychological & Health Personnel Issues

    3410
    3430
    3450
    3470

    Professional Education & Training
    Professional Personnel Attitudes & Characteristics
    Professional Ethics & Standards & Liability
    Impaired Professionals

    3500 Educational Psychology

    3510
    3530
    3550
    3560
    3570
    3575
    3580

    Educational Administration & Personnel
    Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods
    Academic Learning & Achievement
    Classroom Dynamics & Student Adjustment & Attitudes
    Special & Remedial Education
    Gifted & Talented
    Educational/Vocational Counseling & Student Services

    3600 Industrial & Organizational Psychology

    3610
    3620
    3630
    3640
    3650
    3660
    3670

    Occupational Interests & Guidance
    Training
    Personnel Evaluation & Job Performance
    Management & Management Training
    Personnel Attitudes & Job Satisfaction
    Organizational Behavior
    Working Conditions & Industrial Safety

    3700 Sport Psychology & Leisure

    3720
    3740

    Sports
    Recreation & Leisure

    3800 Military Psychology
    3900 Consumer Psychology

    3920
    3940

    Consumer Attitudes & Behavior
    Marketing & Advertising

    4000 Engineering & Environmental Psychology

    4010
    4030
    4050
    4070
    4090

    Human Factors Engineering
    Lifespace & Institutional Design
    Community & Environmental Planning
    Environmental Issues & Attitudes
    Transportation

    4100 Intelligent Systems

    4120
    4140
    4160

    Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems
    Robotics
    Neural Networks

    4200 Forensic Psychology & Legal Issues

    4210
    4230
    4250
    4270
    4290

    Civil Rights & Civil Law
    Criminal Law & Adjudication
    Mediation & Conflict Resolution
    Crime Prevention
    Police & Legal Personnel

    Format Availability, FA=
    Specifies the format types available for the source document. Appears in Journal Article, Book, Book Chapter, Dissertation, and Technical Report records, if available. Format Availability is included in records with a 2001 release date and later.

    Format Covered, FC=
    Specifies the source document format type actually covered in the PsycINFO database. Appears in Journal Article, Book, Book Chapter, Dissertation, and Technical Report records.

    Location, LO=

    Location contains a standardized description of continents, regions, and country names, related to the content of the document. This field may contain multiple locations.

    To search a specific location, enter the word, e.g.:

    lo=(switzerland)

    Alternatively, use the browsable index and select from the location terms displayed there.

    Population contains a standardized description of specific populations related to the content of the document. These include: human, animal, male, female, inpatient, outpatient.

    To search a specific population, enter the word, e.g.:

    po=(female)

    Alternatively, use the browsable index and select from the population or age group terms displayed there.

    Age groups are indexed as follows:

    Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
    Neonatal ( birth-1 mo)
    Infancy (1-23 MO)
    Preschool Age (2-5 yrs)
    School Age (6-12 yrs)
    Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
    Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
    Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
    Thirties (30-39 yrs)
    Middle Age (40-64 yrs)
    Aged (65 yrs & older)
    Very Old (85 yrs & older)

    To search age groups, it is only necessary to use the name of the age group, e.g.:

    ae=(school age)

    Alternatively, use the browsable index and select from the population or age group terms displayed there.

    The Methodology field identifies the specific kind of methodology used in a research study. Methodology may contain the values listed below. American Psychological Association definitions of each methodology are available here.

    Clinical Case Study
    Empirical Study
    Experimental Replication
    Followup Study
    Longitudinal Study
    Prospective Study
    Retrospective Study
    Field Study
    Literature Review
    Mathematical Model
    Meta Analysis
    Nonclinical Case Study
    Quantitative Study
    Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
    Systematic Review

    To search the Methodologies, enter the unique term, e.g.:

    me=(clinical case study)

    Alternatively, use the browsable index and select from the methodology terms displayed there.

    Other Publishers, OP=

    Other Publisher contains variations of the publisher name, resulting from publisher or publisher name changes occurring in the past or future as compared to the date the item was published.

    Other Journal Names, OJ=

    Other Journal Names contains variations of the serial title name, resulting from serial title changes occurring in the past or future as compared to the date the item was published.

    Publication Type, PT=

    Identifies the general type of document. The publication types are as follows:
      Abstract Collection
      Bibliography
      Book
        Authored Book
        Edited Book
      Chapter
      Classic Book
      Conference Proceeding
      Column/Opinion
      Comment/Reply
      Dissertation Abstract
      Editorial
      Electronic Collection
      Encyclopedia
      Encyclopedia Entry
      Erratum/Correction
      Handbook Manual
      Journal
        Peer-Reviewed Journal
        Non-Peer-Reviewed Journal
        Peer-Reviewed Status-Unknown
      Journal Article
      Letter
      Obituary
      Publisher Information
      Reference Book
      Reprint
      Review - Book
      Review - Media
      Review - Software & Other
      Textbook/Study Guide

    To search publication type, either enter the unique word(s), e.g.:

    pt=(Peer-Reviewed Journal)

    Or use the browsable index and select from the publication types displayed there.

    References, RE=

    Lists references published with journal articles, books, and book chapters.

    Comprehensive coverage of cited references began in 2001, but references appear from 1988 on. Additional retrospective references will be added to the database as they become available. All published references are included in the PsycINFO record, except those not referring to publications, those in non-Roman alphabets, and those that cause the character limit of PsycINFO records to be exceeded.

    The references appear in APA-style format, and therefore can be searched for any information that would be included in that particular citation style.

    Search for an author or authors, e.g.: re=(Ko)

    Search for a publication year, e.g.: re=(1989)

    Search for a specific publication, e.g.: re=(Behavioral Neuroscience)

    Search for a publisher, e.g.: re=(Cambridge University Press)

    When constructing your search strategy, please keep in mind the large size of the references field and the numerous citations that one references field could possibly contain. A search for a specific author and publication year in the references field could easily retrieve false hits. For example, a search for re=(costa and 1985) could retrieve the name Costa from citation number two and the 1985 publication date from citation number twelve.

    The use of proximity operators in your search strategy can help to eliminate false hits. Incorporate proximity operators into your search strategy to ensure that a search containing two or more separate data elements only retrieves relevant citations, e.g.: re=(Costa) within 12 (1985)

    Note: Since the references field can be quite large, it may take a longer period of time for your search results to be retrieved. To eliminate the references field from your search results, select "Full Record - Omit Refs" from the drop-down box of viewing formats in either the Quick Search or the Advanced Search.

    Reviewed Work, RV=

    Contains information of a reviewed item in the PsycINFO record. This field may contain the reviewed item's author(s), title, source, publication year, and more. Appears in journal article records only.

    Supplemental Data, SD=

    Contains supplemental data or other information found either appended to the print source or available on the Internet. May appear for all publication types. Some supplemental data values may be appended with "Available" or "Internet Available."

    Data types include the following:

      3-D Modeling Images
      Appendixes
      Audio
      Data Sets
      DVD/CD
      Tables and Figures
      Web Sites
      Video
      Workbook/Study Guide
      Other

    Table of Contents, TB=

    The Table of Contents field contains the chapter title, chapter author(s), and chapter pagination within a book or encyclopedia record. Chapters listed in the Table of Contents which are also separately indexed in the PsycINFO database will have the chapter title hyperlinked to that individual chapter record. To go to an individual chapter record, simply click on the hyperlinked title. The Table of Contents appears only with Book, Authored Book, Edited Book and Encyclopedia publication types.

    Tests & Measures, TM=

    Contains the names of published tests and measures mentioned in the source document. This field may contain multiple tests or measures.

    To search for a record containing a particular test or measure, enter the test or measure name, e.g.:

    tm=(wechsler intelligence scale for children)